The Future of Work and its Implications for Talent

Main Article Content

Sergio Madero Gómez
Oscar Iván Vásquez Rivera

Abstract

The aim of this study addresses the challenges of the future of work and its implications on companies and people. Using a mixed method, which included an online questionnaire for workers and semi-structured interviews with managers in Monterrey and Mexico City. The quantitative results reveal an increase in hybrid work scheme adoption, from 21.7% in 2020 to 39.9% in 2022. According to the findings, the main categories that are considered relevant for organizational adaptation for new business models are remote work, hybrid modalities, technology, and automation. Likewise, it is concluded that work modalities have ceased to be a temporary solution and have become a key long-term strategy that will continue to impact the ways of doing work and the culture of organizations, some limitations are related to the methodological context of the research.

Article Details

Section
Publicados
Author Biographies

Sergio Madero Gómez, Monterrey Institute of Technology, Mexico

Research professor at the Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Business, Department of Management and Leadership, Monterrey Region, Mexico. Research lines: Talent Management, Design and Work Environments, Talent Attraction and Retention, Future of Work. Email: smadero@tec.mx, ORCID code: 0000-0003-3996-7609

Oscar Iván Vásquez Rivera, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.

PhD student in Business Administration and Management at the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Research lines: Organizational Culture, Organizational Learning, Future of Work. Email: ovasquez@ucm.es ORCID code: 0000-0001-7867-2761

References

Ainsworth, S., & Knox, A. (2022). “A bridge too far?” Ideas, employment relations and policy‐making about the future of work. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 61(1), 68-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12295

Angelucci, M., Angrisani, M., Bennett, D. M., Kapteyn, A., & Schaner, S. G. (2020). Remote work and the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on employment and health (No. w27749). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27749

Battur, A., & Kandagal, P. B. (2022). Work-life balance while working from home during COVID-19 lockdown: Changing preferences and the future of work. Anwesh, International Journal of Management and Information Technology, 7(2), 21-28.

https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/work-life-balance-while-working-home-during-covid/docview/2833746507/se-2?accountid=11643

Bick, A., Blandin, A., & Mertens, K. (2020). Work from Home After the COVID-19 Outbreak, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. https://www.dallasfed.org/-/media/documents/research/papers/2020/wp2017r1.pdf

Błaszczyk, M., Popović, M., Zajdel, K., & Zajdel, R. (2023). Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the organization of remote work in IT companies: the managers’ perspective. Sustainability, 15(15), 12049. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151512049

Bloom, N., Barrero, J., Davis, S., Meyer, B., & Mihaylov, E. (2023). Research: Where Managers and Employees Disagree About Remote Work, Harvard Business Review. Disponible en https://hbr.org/2023/01/research-where-managers-and-employees-disagree-about-remote-work Consultado el 24 de octubre de 2024.

Bloom, N., Davis, S., & Zhestkova, Y. (2021). COVID-19 Shifted Patent Applications toward Technologies That Support Working from Home. AEA Papers and Proceedings, 111, 263–266. DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20211057

Bobbio, A., Canova, L. & Manganelli, A.M. (2022). Organizational work-home culture and its relations with the work-family interface and employees’ subjective well-being. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 17(5), 2933-2966, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10048-w

Coetzee, M., & Veldsman, D. (2022). The digital-era industrial/organisational psychologist: Employers’ view of key service roles, skills and attributes. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 48, 1991. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v48i0.1991

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Deloitte (2020). Principales retos en las empresas. https://www2.deloitte.com/mx/es/pages/about-deloitte/articles/retos-empresas-en-mexico-frente-covid19.html Consultado el 25 de junio de 2023.

Dingel, J., & Neiman, B. (2020). How many Jobs can be done at home?. Journal of Public Economics, 189, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104235

Döbler, T., Sniderman, B., Mahto, M., & Ahrens, C. (2020). Swim, not just float: Driving innovation and new business models through Industry 4.0. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/industry-4-0/industry-4-0-business-models.html Consultado el 25 de junio de 2023.

Enríquez, A., & Sáenz, C. (2021). Primeras lecciones y desafíos de la pandemia de COVID-19 para los países del SICA. Serie Estudios y Perspectivas-Sede Subregional de la CEPAL en México, N° 189 (LC/TS.2021/38; LC/MEX/TS.2021/5). Ciudad de México: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). https://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/nombre-del-reporte Consultado el 25 de junio de 2023.

Eurofound (2020). Living, working and COVID-19 series. Publications Office of the European Union. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/report/2020/living-working-and-covid-19 Consultado el 25 de junio de 2023.

Fang, X., Wu, J., & He, C. (2021). Assessing human-environment system sustainability based on Regional Safe and Just Operating Space: The case of the Inner Mongolia Grassland. Environmental Science & Policy, 116, 276-286.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.12.007

Foro Económico Mundial (2024). The 2020s will be a decade of upskilling. Employers should take notice (10 Ene 2024). Disponible en https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/the-2020s-will-be-a-decade-of-upskilling-employers-should-take-notice/ Consultado el 24 de octubre 2024

Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza-Torres, C. (2023). Metodología de la Investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta, México. McGraw Hill, 2a, ed.

Horváthová, P., Mokrá, K., & Štverková, H. (2022). Remote work and other effects of the covid-19 pandemic in enterprises and cultural management. Cultural Management: Science & Education, 6(1), 129-153. https://doi.org/10.32782/cm.2022.6.1.9

Hummels, H., & Nullens, P. (2022). Other-wise Organizing. A Levinasian Approach to Agape in Work and Business Organisations. Humanistic Management Journal, 7, 211-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41463-022-00132-6

Jain, T., Currie, G., & Aston, L. (2022). COVID and working from home: Long-term impacts and psycho-social determinants, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 156, 52-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.12.007

Juchnowicz, M., & Kinowska, H. (2021). Employee well-being and digital work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information, 12(8), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080293

Klein, S. P., Spieth, P., & Heidenreich, S. (2021). Facilitating business model innovation: The influence of sustainability and the mediating role of strategic orientations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(2), 271-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12563

Lamorgese, A, Patnaik, M., Linarello, A., & Schivardi, F. (2024). Management Practices and Resilience to Shocks: Evidence from COVID-19. Management Science, Article in Advance, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01341

Lapshun, A., & Madero, S. (2024). "Is Work from Home Here To Stay? Look from Mexico, Management Research, Iberoamerican Academy of Management. 22(1), 35-56

https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-05-2023-1424

López-Torres, V., Máynez-Guaderrama, A., & Jacobo-Galicia, G. (2024). Covid-19: Efectos en la Intención de Abandono en Empleados. Revista Investigación Administrativa, 53(133), 1-11. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=456076200010

Madero, S. (2019). Modelo de Retención Laboral de Millennials, desde la Perspectiva Mexicana. Revista Investigación Administrativa, 48(124).

http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2448-76782019000200001

Madero, S., Ortiz, O., Ramírez, J. & Olivas-Luján, M. (2020). Stress and myths related to the COVID-19 pandemic´s effects on remote work. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 18(4), 401-420. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-06-2020-1056

Manyika, J. (2017). Technology, jobs, and the future of work. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/employment-and-growth/technology-jobs-and-the-future-of-work Consultado el 23 de octubre de 2024.

Máynez-Guaderrama, A., Cavazos-Arroyo, J., & Urrutia-Nava, G. (2024). Capacidad de Respuesta de Empresas Manufactureras de Exportación, Revista Investigación Administrativa, 53(133), 1-24. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=456076200011

Mejores Empresas Mexicanas (2020). Gestionando el caos bajo la nueva realidad.

https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/co/Documents/mec/Gestionando%20el%20caos%20bajo%20la%20nueva%20realidad%20-%20Latinoam%C3%A9rica.pdf

Consultado el 25 de octubre de 2024.

Muhr, T. (2022). ATLAS.ti 9 User Manual. ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH.

Nakash, M., & Bouhnik, D. (2023). The effects of COVID‐19 on information management in remote and hybrid work environments. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(9), 1067-1080. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24803

Okubo, T. (2020). Telework in the spread of COVID-19. Information Economics and Policy, 60, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2022.100987

Pass, S., & Ridgway, M. (2022). An informed discussion on the impact of COVID-19 and ‘enforced’ remote working on employee engagement. Human Resource Development International, 25(3), 254-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2048605​

Prithwiraj, C., Foroughi, C., & Zepp Larson (2021). Work-from-anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility. Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), 655-683.

https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3251

Rivas-Tovar L. A. (2024). Normas Apa 7ª Edición: Estructura, Citas y Referencias. Instituto Politécnico Nacional.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357046089_NORMAS_APA_7_EDICION_ESTRUCTURA_CITAS_Y_REFERENCIAS

Rosen, J. (2017). Sustainability: A greener culture. Nature, 546(7659), 565-567. https://doi.org/10.1038/nj7659-565a

Rubinger, L., Gazendam, A., Ekhtiari, S., Nucci, N., Payne, A., Johal, H., Khanduja, V., & Bhandari, M. (2020). Maximizing virtual meetings and conferences: a review of best practices. International Orthopaedics. 44(4), 1461-1466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-020-04615-9

Saarikallio, M., & Tyrväinen, P. (2023). Quality culture boosts agile transformation—Action research in a business‐to‐business software business. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, 35(1), e2504. https://doi.org/10.1002/smr.2504

Schroeck, M., Kwan, A., & Kawamura, J. (2019). Digital transformation as a path to growth: Capturing new market opportunity.

https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/industry-4-0/growing-through-digital-innovation-industrial-transformation.html Consultado el 25 de junio de 2023.

Schwartz, J., Van Durme, Y., Mallon, D., Hauptmann, M., Yan. R., & Poynton, S. (2020). Returning to work in the future of work. Embracing purpose, perspective, and possibility during COVID-19.

https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/insights/focus/human-capital-trends/2020/covid-19-and-the-future-of-work.html Consultado el 25 de junio de 2023.

Stasiła-Sieradzka, M., Sanecka, E., & Turska, E. (2023). Not so good hybrid work model? Resource losses and gains since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and job burnout among non-remote, hybrid, and remote employees. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 36(2), 229-249.

https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02026

Willige, A., & Markovitz, G. (2023). The future of jobs: 2 experts explain how technology is transforming ‘almost every task’. World Economic Forum https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/05/future-of-jobs-technology-skills-workplace/

Wontorczyk, A.; Rożnowski, B. (2022). Remote, Hybrid, and On-Site Work during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and the Consequences for Stress and Work Engagement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042400

Yawson, R. M. (2022). The future of work and becoming an employer of choice. Organization Management Journal, 19(3), 86-87. https://doi.org/10.1108/OMJ-05-2022-970